Used in geology, hydrogeology, soil science, and building science, the porosity of a porous medium (such as rock or sediment) describes the fraction of void space in the material, where the void may contain, for example, air or water. It is defined by the ratio:
Φ= Vv/Vt
where VV is the volume of void-space (such as fluids) and VT is the total or bulk volume of material, including the solid and void components. Both the mathematical symbols φ and n are used to denote porosity.
Porosity is a fraction between 0 and 1 or a percent term, typically ranging from less than 0.01 for solid granite to more than 0.5 for peat and clay.
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